Category Archives: Survival Skills

herbal preparations tinctures

Herbal Preparations: Tinctures

Tinctures are produced by extracting medicinal constituents of herbs in alcohol. They are more potent and longer lasting when compared with preparations that are water based such as decoctions and infusions.

 

Tincture Preparation

You will need the following ingredients:

  1. 30g dried herbs
  2. 400 ml of brandy
  3. 170 ml water

Method

  1. Bruise the herb and mix the water and spirit together
  2. Place the herbs in a large jar and add the water and spirit
  3. Leave to stand in a cool dry place for only 2 weeks. Make sure that you shake the jar daily.
  4. After the 2 weeks, strain through a muslin cloth and pour the liquid in a sterilized glass bottle.
  5. Make sure that you label the bottles with the name of the tincture, the dosage and use and also the date.

The standard dose is 1 to 3 tablespoons daily. For gargles and washes however, it is important to dilute 1 tablespoon in 1 cup of water.

Tinctures are able to preserve themselves indefinitely.

 

Tiger Stripes Camouflage

Camouflage: Why Things are Seen

Camouflage
Camouflage (Photo credit: Anita363)

It only takes a quick glance around the natural world to see that camouflage is one of the most effective defense mechanisms ever developed. It is for this reason that we see it utilized by a large number of organisms that are preyed upon, and in many cases it is an amazingly successful strategy.

In this article, I’ll discuss some of the reasons why things are seen, and how you can use that knowledge to keep yourself from being detected. This information should help you when considering your own survival efforts.

Detection of Changes

It should be noted first and foremost that the human visual system (and the visual system of most other animals) is geared toward detecting changes in the environment. This is in and of itself a survival mechanism, as a non-changing environment poses potentially less of a threat than a changing one. For example, you can imagine that you would feel more at rest in a peaceful clearing with no one around than you would in that same clearing if you constantly saw movement in the trees and heard unidentified noises all around you.

The idea that people and animals notice change more than stasis is the foundation for all forms of camouflage. If you can make yourself resemble your environment more, it will allow you to blend in with your surroundings. Because you blend in, others will be less likely to notice you as there will be less disturbance of their normal visual scene.

What Types of Changes Register

The visual system is tuned to recognize any changes, but because we know that certain things indicate movement by a potential predator we are especially tuned into them. For example, changes in the surface of something, including the color or pattern, are sure indications that there is another presence in the environment. Also, moving shadows or alterations in the spacing between two objects are sure signs that someone or something else may be near. These types of changes are what we are particularly tuned into, and it is these changes that you must minimize in order to go unnoticed.

Natural Examples of Camouflage

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You can see many animals take advantage of how the visual system picks up primarily on change. The typical example is the chameleon, which changes its coloring depe

 

nding on the background it rests upon. Countless other examples abound throughout nature, however, including leopards, foxes, insects, etc. All of these creatures are trying to reduce the amount of change they introduce into their environment in order to go unnoticed and thus stay alive longer.

How to Use This Information

It is great to know why things are seen, but what we are concerned about here is using that information to your advantage when it comes to survival. Knowing that things are seen based on the concept of change indicates that one of the first steps toward creating good camouflage is minimizing that change. In order to do that, you must know your environment.

Blending in
Blending in (Photo credit: Duncan~)

Thus, the first step to camouflage is to know the area you are trying to blend in with. If you are trying to blend into an urban environment, your camouflage strategy will differ drastically from if you are trying to blend into a woodland environment. Either way, you should don clothing and bodypaint that matches your surroundings.

In addition to body paint and clothing, you should consider rubbing some natural debris on your body to allow you to blend in further. Natural debris in a city environment might be garbage, while in the woods it could be dirt, leaves, and branches.

Your disguises shouldn’t begin and end with camouflage, however. You should also pay attention to creating the proper environment to hide in. It is essential to find a good location where it is likely you will be able to blend in. Once you’ve done this, prepare your location just as you do your body, for maximizing stasis over change.

Blending in with your surroundings is an essential part of survival. In order to make it in an unsafe world, you must master this technique. To do so, keep in mind the way the visual system works and work to minimize the changes you cause in the environment around you.

 

Related Articles

Tracking

An Introduction To Tracking

Tracking is a crucial survival tool because it helps you to gather food. Water, carbs and proteins can be located by tracking and understanding the animals and their hidden paths called game trails.

What Is a Tracker

A tracker is a reader of signs. A sign is a clue that talks about who left the clue.
A tracker requires just few light bits of information from the surroundings and, by deduction and comparison with previous experience, recognizes paths.

In remote areas, a tracker has the ability to discover the game trails and is able to follow them from their sleeping areas to their feeding locations, where trapping is simpler.
When tracking game near to civilization, man-made boundaries like fences and irrigation ditches, pushes game through bottlenecks, making them easier to follow.

In order to be a tracker you should have specific attributes:

  • intense observation skills
  • excellent knowledge of nature
  • memory
  • patience
  • determination

Tips: How to Look

  • Search the ground out to 4 meters until a trail is found.
  • Move head and eyes from side to side, back and forth.
  • Look through the vegetation and the undergrowth, not at it.
  • Observe as close to ground level as possible.
  • Try to keep the sign between you and and the light source.

Don’t See, Observe!

For tracking, a general ability to see isn’t sufficient. You have to synthesize information and be able to put details together, just like Sherlock Holmes, and make a story about what has happened. If you are patient, determined and continuously questions your personal hypotheses, you’ll stay ahead of your quarry.

Your First Tracking Exercise

The very first skill of tracking is the most essential one: sign awareness. There isn’t any magic formula to develop this skill. Each day search for and pay attention to any kind of signs such as tracks, fingerprints, footprints, tracks, and so forth. As you walk along a sidewalk, look for coins and other dropped items. With persistency you will learn to spot the fine features of sign everywhere. When that occurs, you are ready to become a tracker.


fingertip

How To Heighten Your Sense of Touch.

Senses are what keep people in tune with their environment and their body. Sight, hearing, smell, sound and touch are all extremely important for getting by on a daily basis. When these are heightened, you learn new things and explore the world in a brand new way.

Touch is one of the most important senses that people have. Learning how to heighten this sense can sharpen the mind, create new experiences and make life a whole new journey.

It is said that individuals who are blind have the best senses, but some people that aren’t blind naturally have these. This results in them having a difficult time being around certain sounds, scents and even materials. If you want to heighten your sense of touch, it can make you a lot more aware of what is around you. Just keep in mind that some things might not be the same as they were before. For example, the touch of velvet might be unbearable after you heighten your senses. It can still be a lot of fun and a great way to be in tune with your body.

What exercises can you practice?

One of the easiest things you can do is actually watch yourself touch things. This means simply touching various objects and taking in how they feel. Watching the hand touching different materials creates new memories of what they are like and will heighten the sense.

When you are out for a walk or going shopping, touch things! Even if you’re buying clothes, touch those. There are a lot of different materials used in clothes and they all feel different. Instead of just simply looking around at what you can see, touch it all. You might be surprised by the feel of different textures that you thought felt a certain way. It’s worth it to write down what you felt so you can reference back to the feelings at another time.

 

Another thing you can do is get massages on a regular basis. This actually helps your body become a lot more sensitive. While you are getting a massage you will be in tune with different parts of your body and how they feel when they are being touched. You will also see how different pressure points feel when they are pressed.

Touch things with other parts of your body. This will create new sensitivities and really heighten your sense of touch. For example, you could touch a silk sheet with your hands and then with your feet. There are a lot of different things you can touch, feel and completely immerse yourself in. Have fun with this and learn how different parts of your body respond to different feelings.

 

Individuals who are blind generally have all of their senses heightened because they can’t rely on their sight any longer. This includes the sense of touch, especially for individuals who read braille. If you want to try and replicate this, close your eyes when you are touching different things. Of course this doesn’t mean you should try walking around town while you can’t see. Walking around your house while closing your eyes is a great alternative and can make you a lot more aware of how things feel.

Learning how to read braille is one of the last ways to increase sensitivity for touch. Braille is a form of reading and writing that is used for those who cannot see. Most people who are blind are able to learn how to do this pretty quickly. This isn’t where people trace words with their fingers, like some people think. Those who use brail actually touch cells that have embossed rows on them. Each of the different cells represents a letter.

surviving-car-accidents-escaping-from-a-car-thats-hanging-off-a-cliff-and-other-tips

Surviving Car Accidents: Escaping from a Car that’s Hanging off a Cliff and other Tips

While no one can deny that having a car accident is a dangerous and serious matter, there are a few accidents out there that make you stop your head and wonder how on earth a person would manage to have a crash like that. Regardless of how impossible some accidents may seem, it is always good to be prepared for any situation. So, just in case you find yourself dangling off a cliff or stuck in a cow pasture, check out the following tips to prepare for just about anything that might come your way.

Double Car Garage Parking – Take a look at this video. About 17 seconds in you will see a unique version of double car garage parking: one right on top of the other. Of course, the garage and the vehicles are all a little worse for the wear. So how to get out of this one? Most likely it will be pretty easy to actually get out of the vehicle, but if the car on bottom happens to be your wife’s it may not be the wreck you will need to survive. Try finding a mechanic who will back up your claim that the accelerator stuck. It’s worth a try!

 

Dangling on a Cliff

Often, if a car misses a turn and ends up going off a cliff, it does not stop until it hits the bottom as it tumbles down the rocks.  However, there is the rare chance that your vehicle just might catch on something, or come to a teetering stop over the ledge with one wheel suspended in space. Don’t think it really happens? Check out about 32 seconds into the same video mentioned above: this driver was saved by his boat. Still, it had to have provided an adrenaline rush. A key tip for any kind of cliff-hanging experience is to make your movements slowly, cautiously, and deliberately. Keep in mind that the slightest shift in weight could dislodge your vehicle from its resting place. It is always good to have some rock climbing equipment on your passenger seat  in case you want to try driving over a cliff.

Nose in the Building

Check out the third image down on this page: it is the classic put the nose of your car through a wall. The tip for this one is pretty complicated: never mix up the accelerator with the brake. If you do find yourself in the same situation as the driver of this Mini Cooper probably the best survival tips you will need could be found in Saving Face 101, if there is such a thing.

Cow Pasture Wreck

No image for this one, but see if you can create the image in your mind: you miss the curve and bust through Farmer Joe’s barbed wire fence. Although damage to your vehicle is minimal, and there are no sustained injuries, surviving this accident is going to take some cunning: Farmer Joe’s bull is on his way over for a visit. Your best chance? Find something red in your car, preferably larger than a gum wrapper. Open a window on the opposite side of the car, place your red object outside and roll the window back up to secure it. While the bull is distracted by this sudden menacing display you have bought yourself a few moments to make your escape

Jon Reiter is a marketing agent for the Law Firm of Jeremy Rosenthal, an experienced Denver car accident lawyer.

Thompson Ridge, California

Transforming Into An Animal – The Art of Camouflage and Stalking

Whether you are a wildlife enthusiast wishing to closely observe and touch animals or a hunter eager for a close kill, you’ll know how hard it is to approach an animal without being detected. Animals have very sharp senses and quick fleeing instincts, and these are primarily to protect them from predators. No matter how skilled you are in target-shooting or stalking animals, rest assured that you’ll still experience frustrations in your efforts to get closer to your subject.

The 2 Things You’ll Ever Need To Know

What, then, should you really prepare for in order to have a successful hunt or animal observation? Are your camo clothes enough? Will your shooting classes adequately train you? Will smudging mud on your face work to hide you?

Preparing for a day out in the wild without being seen is surprisingly simple. In order for you to be successful, you must embody the physical appearance and the smooth, fluid movements of animals. As a wildlife enthusiast or a hunter, you need to master two things: (1) body camouflage and (2) stalking movements.

Body Camouflage – Is A Camo Outfit Enough?

In order to go undetected in an animal habitat, it’s not enough to try looking like a shrub–you need to BE the animal habitat. It may come as a surprise to you that birds and tree creatures are already trained to move away from a human figure by seeing the pink parts of our body. Your face, neck, hands, and feet are either pink or white, and animals know this. Once they see patches of pink move around and about, expect them to run the other direction.

What should you do to cover yourself up and blend in? Here are some ways you can try out:

1. Do you want to observe animals from a considerable distance, without really wanting to touch them? A camouflage outfit will do the job for this purpose. Make sure to dress up to cover your entire body, including your hands and feet.

2. Want to go all the way in order to touch your target subject? Then commit to it and do the following:

a. Take a bath and de-scent yourself. Use odiferous plants that comprise the vegetation of the area where you plan to hide. You must smell like the plants and shrubs that live in the area where you intend to hide.

b. Rub your entire body with ash from previously burnt wood. This process, called “blending,” involves fully applying the ash all over your body to cover every inch–including the palms of your hands and soles of your feet. However, make sure that you’re not rubbing wet ash as this will burn your skin. Include your face and hair in this process. Use light-colored ash if you’re fair-skinned and darker ash if you’re dark-skinned.

c. Now, it’s time to transform your skin to mimic that of an animal by forming prints and patterns. This process is called “dappling,” and it involves “drawing” lines and curves on the ash covering your skin. Dab your fingers in water or mud and run them on your skin to break the monotonous ash pattern. A combination of spots and stripes is ideal in dappling.

d. Go to a dirt patch similar to the one where you intend to hide and roll all over it. Cover your entire body with dirt in order to ruff up the outline of your body. This is called “fuzzing.”

After doing these four steps, you are now ready to go to your preferred hiding area. Pretend that you are a rock or shrub and fully commit to acting like you really are part of that environment. Keep still but breathe normally without restriction, and await the first animal you want to touch. Make sure there are no obstructions in front of you should you try to reach out and touch an animal.

Stalking Secret – Move Like An Animal

Moving like an animal doesn’t just mean moving slowly. Human beings are not trained to move in slow, fluid motions. Our abrupt shift in actions, plus the sounds we make while walking past dried leaves and twigs, are what usually gives us away.

Remember these tips as you go off to stalking wildlife creatures:

1. Don’t wear bright colors. No matter how slowly you move, a neon orange sock will still scare a squirrel away.

2. Imagine that you’re walking on the surface of the moon. Remember how those astronauts seem like they’re floating? That’s how you should move, too. That means being extra careful in resting your weight on possible twigs and dried leaves that snap and crunch beneath your shoes. You can also try to imagine a wolf’s movement as it goes in for the kill–no abrupt movements, very calculated and slow steps forward, and lightweight paws.

3. Don’t talk to your companion, if you have one. Foreign noises such as human talking or slamming shut of a car door serve as warnings to your potential subjects to flee the area.

To summarize, you need to look, smell, and move like an animal in order to have a successful time out in the wild. As you continue to practice, you’ll eventually master the art of outdoor camouflage and movement.

Take note of the tips listed above and repeatedly do them every time you go outdoors and in no time at all, you’ll easily blend in with the rest of nature and finally touch–or shoot–your target animals.

 

 

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Keeping Alive During an Apocalypse

Keeping Alive at Home During an Apocalypse

This is a guide to keeping yourself alive and kicking when you’re facing an emergency of any kind – whether that’s storms, flooding, disease or simply the end of the world, which is apparently approaching us on the 21st December 2012.

It’s best that you get yourself prepared and ready for anything! 2012 was predicted to be a year of turmoil, which it has certainly been so far with hurricane Sandy battering New York, and plenty of earthly disturbances across the globe.
1. Radio. The most important factor when facing an emergency is to keep yourself informed throughout – so that means keeping up with updates on the radio at the very least. Therefore one of the biggest aspects in a life threatening situation is power outages, which threaten your ability to stay warm, cook food and stay in touch with goings on outside. So you need to think through all the things that are important to your survival that rely on electricity, and ensure you’re prepared.

e, weeks in advance you should ensure you have a good supply of batteries to power a radio. If you can possibly invest in a wind-up radio, that would also be very beneficial and means you never have to worry about running out of battery power.

2. Heat. Keeping warm will be paramount too, so you should consider investing in a safe wood burner that you can use indoors. If you have a garage, you can start stock piling wood so that you have a good supply to keep you warm. Blankets, duvets, sleeping bags, cardigans and woollen clothing should be in abundance.

3. Food and Drink. It probably doesn’t need to be said that you should have a strong stockpile of food. You will also need to either buy water bottles or start filling sterilised bottles with tap water in advance of an emergency situation. This is in case water supplies are affected. Tinned food is probably the most convenient food stuff to have at hand and keep stockpiled. Food in tins is usually ready to eat, in case you do not have any means of heating the food. It’s best to build up your food resources gradually over months and even years, to make sure you have enough to last months if need be. Have two or three tin openers handy as well – just in case one breaks.

4. Books & Games. Part of surviving a catastrophe is ensuring you stay occupied and engaged – so having plenty of books to read for example will keep your mind from getting too bored and will keep up moral. Packs of cards and a decent range of board games are excellent, and especially good if you have more than two people in the household.

 

Inspirations Wholesale are in no way related to survival, but do provide an interesting supply of indoor artificial trees

Snow Covered Evergreens of Idaho

A Guide To Insulation For Warmth

Keeping warm in the cold weather is a critical survival skill. Like any skill, understanding is root to mastering.

To begin with, here are the 5 leading cause of loss of body heat

  1. Radiation is an invisible energy emitted objects, which can be reflected back to the body by a shiny or light-colored surface.
  2. The transfer of heat from one molecule to another is called conduction. When you touch a warm hand to a cold object, for example, the heat will leave your hand and warm the object. To minimize this type of body heat loss, use insulation that contains “dead air space: and thick material.
  3. Convection is a type of body heat loss that happens when the warm layer of air next to the skin is carried away, usually by wind. To prevent this, wear clothing that is dense enough to contain the warm air and prevent the wind from reaching your skin.
  4. When trapped perspiration evaporates, this cools the layer of air next to the skin. The best way to minimize this problem is to have proper ventilation before you sweat.
  5. Respiration is the process where we inhale cold air and exhale warm air, and there’s not much which can be done about that.

Here are some types of insulation to minimize loss of body warmth

Natural Insulation includes down, which comes from the undercoat of waterfowl and is widely regarded as a powerfully effective material for insulation. However, when down gets wet it will lost up to 95% of its’ value and takes a very long time to dry. For that reason, down clothing is not the best option for practicing survival skills.

A better option for natural insulation is wool, which will retain up to 95% of its’ warmth even when wet.

Synthetic insulation options that are effective for practicing survival skills in snowy conditions include: fiber pile, Polarguard, Quallogil, Thinsulate, Softique, and Tex-O-Lite.

Almost all of these types of insulated clothing should be encased in some type of shell (usually nylon or another synthetic material) with wool and Fiberpile being the only exceptions.

Here are some extra tips on insulation:

  1. Be sure to wring out wet clothes as soon as possible, so they will dry quicker. Wet clothes will conduct heat away from your body.
  2. Two light sweaters are better than one heavy sweater, because the layer of air trapped between them will add more insulation.
  3. Remove a few layers of clothing when you begin to swear, to prevent evaporation from cooling the skin.
  4. Up to half of your body warmth can be lost through the head, so be sure to wear a hat!
  5. If you are caught in extremely cold weather conditions, the best survival practice is to stuff your pant legs into your socks, fill your pants with debris that will create dead air space, tuck your shirt into your pants and fill your shirt as well.

See Also

Under The Sea - Extraordinary Eyes

Under The Sea: Extraordinary Eyes

It is not surprising that eyes are one of the most intricate and complex parts of the body, given that they developed over 540 million years ago.

What might come as a surprise is that, despite all land animals having evolved in unique ways from fish millions of years ago, it would seem that it is fish’s eyes that are the most diverse and highly adapted on the planet.

There are many things which distinguish the eyes of a fish from our own. One of the most notable differences is the size of the eye itself. Fish eyes are, in general, proportionally much larger than other species. This is because fish need to be able to see in low light conditions.

Another unique quality of fish is that they don’t have eyelids. Eyelids serve the purpose of keeping out debris and keeping our eyes moist. However, the nature of a fish’s habitat means that their eyes are kept moist without the need of eyelids.

Unsurprisingly, the eyes of fish differ significantly between species. Fish use their vision in different ways, depending on what they eat and where they live. Those that live near the sea surface in clear water have very different eyes to those that live in caves, or in the deep dark depths of the ocean where there is very little light.

About the only thing all fish eyes have in common, is the substance of the lens.

Here are two examples of evolution at its very best, two completely unique eyes that are perfectly adapted to each fish’s living and feeding habits:

The Four-Eyed Fish (Anableps anableps)

This little fish has a slightly misleading name. It doesn’t actually have four eyes, it only has two. But they are so highly developed that they provide the same benefits of having four eyes.

The Four-Eyed fish lives at the surface of the water and has large protruding eyes.

It’s eyes point upwards which allows it to see the insects that it feeds on, and keep an eye out for aerial predators.

However, surely this would leave it vulnerable to marine predators that could attack it from below? And this is where Four-Eyes gets its name from…

Incredibly, each eye is split vertically by a membrane to form two pupils, and the lens changes in thickness to allow visibility in both air through one half and water through the other. This allows the fish to see both above and below the water at the same time!

Barreleye (Macropinna microstoma)

Another example of extreme evolution of the eyes is unquestionably the Barreleye fish. This species typically lives at the depth of the ocean where sunlight is replaced by complete darkness.

This fish gets its name from its barrel shaped eyes. Looking at the image, the nostrils are easily confused for the eyes. The eyes are luminous tubular shapes within the fish’s head. These help to collect light and enable the fish to see in dark conditions.

One of the most remarkable features about the Barreleye fish is that it’s head looks transparent. This is because of a fluid-filled shield that covers the head – allowing the eyes to absorb light and have visibility.

For many years it was thought that the Barreleye fish could only see a very narrow tunnel vision directly above it’s head. But more recent research has shown that the fish can rotate it’s eyes within it’s transparent shield to be able to look upwards to spot prey, and then forward to see what’s ahead of them. The ability to look upwards without moving it’s body allows it to surprise its prey.

It is only within the last ten years that there has been any significant research on the Barreleyed fish. In 2004 scientists from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute used remotely operated vehicles to record it in its natural habitat. This was a really groundbreaking piece of research as there had been no previous knowledge of that it’s head was transparent. As any records of having caught the fish showed that by the time it reached the surface, the fluid-filled shield had shattered.

It does make you wonder, have we only just begun to uncover what’s really out there? There must still be so much to learn and many more weird and wonderful examples of evolutionary genius to be discovered?

This article is contributed by Steph McLean. She works for Lenstore.co.uk, an ecommerce retailer which sells contact lenses online. She has a strong interest in science, in particular biology and the nature of evolution.

Widow Maker - Outdoor Hazard

Outdoor Hazard: Widow Makers

Widow Makers” are massive branches or trees which drop down with deadly force.

Dead limbs and dead or dying trees are a potential danger even in the most unimaginable places. Be always aware of these hazardous features on the landscape, mainly in places you plan on building your camp.

What To Take Note Of

Here you will discover the 7 main kinds of flaws to consider:

  1. Dead trees and branches are unstable and may fall at any moment. Dead wood is usually brittle and dry, it has lost its elastic property and can’t flex in the wind anymore. In strong winds or during heavy rains. In a heavy rain, one side of a dead tree can become more soaked and heavier than the other side, causing the tree to fall.
  2. A split is a profound crack that extends from the bark to the wood. Splits show that the tree is slowly but undoubtedly failing!
  3. Fragile branch connections are spots where limbs aren’t firmly connected to the tree. A fragile connection develops when 2 or more, usually upright and with comparable size, branches grow so closely that bark develops within the connection. This particular in-grown bark doesn’t possess the structural strength of wood.
  4. Rotting trees may be susceptible to falling, however the presence of decay, alone, doesn’t prove that the tree is dangerous.
  5. Beech tree with burrs and canker, Ayrshire, Sc...
    Beech tree with burrs and canker, Ayrshire, Scotland. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

    A canker is an area on the trunk or branch of a tree without bark or where the bark is sunken. Cankers develop from diseases or wounds. The existence of a canker raises the probability of breaking.

  6. Trees with root weakness may fall during wind storms. They could also fall with no warning during summer due to the weight of the leaves.
  7. Trees with odd shapes are fascinating to see, but may have flawed structures. Poor structures often occurs after a period of damage from stormy weather as well as in uncommon growing conditions.

During a storm any tree can be dangerous, but any tree with one or more of these defects is particularly dangerous. Build your shelter and campfire away from these dangerous trees. Keep your trails away from these hazards. Many outdoor enthusiasts have been killed from falling trees, leaving their wives widows…